![]() I also recommend reading the article Adaptogens: The Secret Weapon for Athletes and if you are male, How to Increase Testosterone Naturally. If you are really serious about performance, consider nutrigenomic testing through Nutrition Genome to analyze your genes for VO2 max, muscle injury risk, muscle recovery, muscle strength, higher needs for minerals like potassium and magnesium, and a lot more for overall health. DNA-Based Nutrition Testing for Electrolyte Requirements and Performance Today, research has allowed us to design drinks to address the precise needs of the athlete during physiological, emotional and psychological stress to allow us to push beyond what is considered humanly possible. These included kombucha, kvass, low-alcohol beer and other creative concoctions to maintain energy, nutrition and hydration all day. What about Fermented Electrolyte Drinks?ĭuring our early days of agriculture and in cities and villages around the world, fermented drinks fit the bill for hydration and were often safer to drink than water. While many types of mineral water are still an excellent source of electrolytes, carbonation may not be your best friend during exercise. In fact, the root cause of muscle cramps is usually from a lack of electrolytes, especially magnesium and potassium. To top it off, much of the water has become fluoridated, which binds to magnesium and sets you up for fatigue, muscle cramps, and spasms. Today, our water needs to be purified, distilled and treated which can diminish or completely eliminate the mineral content and can lead to an electrolyte imbalance. In the past, our water would come down from the mountains, collect minerals from the rocks, become activated through movement and was free of pollutants. Why Doesn’t Water Provide Enough Electrolytes? This is why we created the best and worst electrolyte drinks. However, plain water does not supply enough of these minerals anymore. Water is consumed per kilogram of body weight more than any other item in the diet, making it a major source of minerals. Normal nerve, heart and muscle function rely on adequate amounts of these minerals, and deficiencies can hamper performance dramatically. ![]() These striking metal intracellular accumulation patterns, which have not been earlier described in keratinocytes, highlight the relevance of searching for specific biomarkers of early cellular toxic effects, such as cytosolic proteins that bind the metals.Electrolytes are charged metallic “ions” that help balance fluid pressure inside our cells and control the pH of our blood. Finally, it was observed that HaCaT human keratinocytes can concentrate the metals present in the media up to 3.9 and 12.5 times for NiCl2 and CoCl2, respectively, and up to 167 for Na2CrO4. All the metals were accumulated preferentially in the cytosols 96% or more for 63NiCl2, approximately 90% for 58CoCl2 and 60-70% for Na2(51)CrO4. This was not the case for 63NiCl2 and 58CoCl2. Accumulation of Na2(51)CrO4 was linear with increasing dose. Intracellular accumulation of metals was evaluated by the use of radioisotopes at the EC50 value and at 1/10-1/5 of this concentration. No clear effects were observed after 4 h, but 24-h treatments with 1 mM CoCl2 or 10 microM Na2CrO(4) were found to almost completely abolish the ability of the cells to form colonies, whilst 1 mM NiCl2 reduced cellular survival to only 70% of control cultures. ![]() Chromium chloride (CrCl3) was not toxic up to 1 mM. The EC50 (24 h) values as detected by MTT test were 30 microM for sodium chromate (Na2CrO4), 475 microM for cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and 600 microM for nickel chloride (NiCl2). ![]() ![]() This study aimed at investigating cytotoxicity and cell viability along with intracellular metal accumulation in HaCaT human keratinocytes exposed to soluble forms of nickel, cobalt or chromium. Nickel, cobalt and chromium can induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and may provoke irritant reactions in the skin. ![]()
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